The intention of the authors is to sensitize scientists to the crucial aspects of the pathology that could be differently targeted. The present review provides an overview of the molecular mechanisms featuring the development of XP and highlights both advantages and disadvantages of the clinical approaches developed throughout the years. Thus, in the last decade, in order to prevent or delay the progression of the clinical signs of XP, numerous strategies have been proposed and tested, in some cases, with adverse effects. No curative treatment is available at present. To date, the management of XP patients consists of (i) early diagnosis (ii) a long-life protection from ultraviolet radiation, including avoidance of unnecessary UV exposure, wearing UV blocking clothing, and use of topical sunscreens and (iii) surgical resections of skin cancers. It is characterized by (i) an extreme sensitivity to ultraviolet (UV)-induced damages in the skin and eyes (ii) high risk to develop multiple skin tumours and (iii) neurologic alterations in the most severe form. Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP) is a rare genetic syndrome with a defective DNA nucleotide excision repair.
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